How are y’all managing internal network certificates?

At any point in time, I have between 2-10 services, often running on a network behind an nginx reverse proxy, with some variation in certificates, none ideal. Here’s what I’ve done in the past:

  • setup a CLI CA using openssl
    • somewhat works, but importing CAs into phones was a hassle.
  • self sign single cert per service
    • works, very kludgy, very easy
  • expose http port only on lo interface for sensitive services (e.g. pihole admin), ssh local tunnel when needed

I see easy-RSA seems to be more user friendly these days, but haven’t tried it yet.

I’m tempted to try this setup for my local LAN facing (as exposed to tunnel only, such as pihole) services:

  • Get letsencrypt cert for single public DNS domain (e.g. lan.mydomain.org)… not sure about wildcard cert.
  • use letsencrypt on nginx reverse proxy, expose various services as suburls (e.g. lan.mydomain.org/nextcloud)

Curious what y’all do and if I’m missing anything basic.

I have no intention of exposing these outside my local network, and prefer as less client side changes as possible.

      • Manmoth@lemmy.mlEnglish
        3·
        1 year ago

        Fellow Caddy user here. I’d love to set that up. Can you share your Caddyfile or at least the important snippets?

        • TechAdmin@lemmy.worldEnglish
          2·
          1 year ago

          I have public wildcard DNS entry (*.REMOVEDDOMAIN.com) on Cloudflare on my primary domain that resolves to 192.168.10.120 (my Caddy host)

          Caddyfile

          {
  email EMAILREMOVED@gmail.com
  acme_dns cloudflare TOKENGOESHERE
}

portal.REMOVEDDOMAIN.com {
  reverse_proxy 127.0.0.1:8081
}

speedtest.REMOVEDDOMAIN.com {
  reverse_proxy 192.168.10.125:8181
}
  • thelastknowngod@lemm.eeEnglish
    10·
    1 year ago

    Certbot in cron if you’re still managing servers.

    I’m using cert-manager in kube.

    I haven’t manually managed a certificate in years… Would never want to do it again either.

  • meteokr@community.adiquaints.moeEnglish
    5·
    1 year ago

    Probably not the ‘recommended’ way, but I use a selfsigned cert for each service I’m running generated dynamically on each run with nginx as a reverse proxy. Then I use HAproxy and DNS SRV records to connect to each of those services. HAproxy uses a wildcard cert (*.domain.tld) for the real domain and uses host mapping for each subdomain, (service1.domain.TLD).

    This way every service has its traffic encrypted between the HAproxy and the actual service, then the traffic is encrypted with a browser valid cert on the frontend. This way I only need to actually manage 1 cert. The HAproxy one. Its worked great for me for a couple of years now.

    Edit: I’m running this setup for about 50 services, but mostly accessed over LAN/VPN.

  • Decronym@lemmy.decronym.xyzBEnglish
    61·
    1 year ago

    Acronyms, initialisms, abbreviations, contractions, and other phrases which expand to something larger, that I’ve seen in this thread:

    Fewer Letters More Letters
    DNS Domain Name Service/System
    HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol, the Web
    IP Internet Protocol
    SSH Secure Shell for remote terminal access
    SSL Secure Sockets Layer, for transparent encryption
    SSO Single Sign-On
    TLS Transport Layer Security, supersedes SSL
    VPN Virtual Private Network
    nginx Popular HTTP server

    [Thread #155 for this sub, first seen 22nd Sep 2023, 05:05] [FAQ] [Full list] [Contact] [Source code]

      • meteokr@community.adiquaints.moeEnglish
        6·
        1 year ago

        It is primarily a http server, its ability to act as a http reverse proxy is a product of that. Apache can do the same thing, its just less common to see it used that way.

      • computergeek125@lemmy.worldEnglish
        2·
        1 year ago

        And to make your terminology life a bit harder, the distinction between forward and reverse proxy matters: reverse proxies sit in front of web servers, while forward proxies sit in front of systems or networks.

        Reverse proxies pretend to be the web server they’re terminating traffic for - programs like nginx, Apache (https), lighttpd, and HAProxy you may see doing this.

        Forward proxies need to be told where to go by a web browser, and will then (if the ACL allows) connect (and often but not always filter) the browser to the final server. In some networks, the forward proxy can be seen as something like a firewall but specifically for web traffic. The only forward proxy I know of off hand is Squid, but I imagine many more exist that I do not remember.

  • techguy86@lemmy.worldEnglish
    5·
    1 year ago

    I use NPM (Nginx Proxy Manager) to handle all my reverse proxying and SSL certs. Authelia easily ties in to handle my SSO. What a time to be alive!

  • lal309@lemmy.worldEnglish
    4·
    1 year ago

    I went with the OpenSSL CA as cryptography has been a weakness of mine and I needed to tackle it. Glad I did, learned a lot throughout the process.

    Importing certs is a bit of a pain at first but I just made my public root ca cert valid for 3 years (maybe 5 I can’t remember) and put that public cert in a file share accessible to all my home devices. From each device I go to the file share once, import the public root ca cert and done. It’s a one time per device pain so it’s manageable in my opinion.

    Each service gets a 90 day cert signed by root ca and imported to nginx proxy manager to serve up for the service (wikijs.mydomain.io).

    Anything externally exposed I use let’s encrypt for cert generation (within NPM) and internally I use the OpenSSL setup.

    If you document your process and you’ve done it a few times, it’s gets quicker and easier.

    • TechAdmin@lemmy.worldEnglish
      3·
      1 year ago

      You can self-host ACME server which lets you use certbot to do automatic renewals even for private, internal only certs. I don’t know if it would work with NPM. I plan to test that out at some point in the future but my current setup works & I’m not ready to break it for a maybe yet :P

  • Matt The Horwood@lemmy.horwood.cloudEnglish
    3·
    1 year ago

    I use Lets encypt and OVH DNS for my certs, I can get a wildcard for mulit service nginx or a single cert for the places that need them. The other thing I want to look at is the Small Step CA, I use that for SSH certs

  • iodine0320@lemmy.worldEnglish
    3·
    1 year ago

    If your running behind OPN/PFsense I’ve found the easiest solution for internal only SSL is to use the router to create the certificate chains. Yes you’ll have to import 1 CA cert on each end user device but only the one then you can crank out internal certs without and https warnings or domain constraints/challenges.

  • motsu@lemmy.worldEnglish
    2·
    1 year ago

    I run freeipa internally, which handles all internal https certs (as well as nice things like handling non sudo auth so I can just ssh to machines from an already authed machine without a PW prompt, and doing ldaps for internal things that support it)

    For external web, I have a single box running nginx as a reverse proxy thats web exposed. That nginx box has letsencrypt certs for the public web stuff. The nginx rp has the internal CA on it and will validate the internal https certs (no mullet SSL here!)

    I also do different domains for internal vs external, but thats not a requirement for a setup like this

  • TechAdmin@lemmy.worldEnglish
    2·
    1 year ago

    I use Caddy with the Cloudflare DNS plugin for Let’s Encrypt DNS based challenges, should work for wildcard too but only have a couple subdomains so never tried to do that. My DNS entries are public but point at private IP ranges, e.g. nc.PRIVATEDOMAIN.COM resolves to 192.168.1.20 where Caddy sends the traffic to my Nextcloud docker