I apologize this is going to be a bit vague as I can’t really provide specifics at the moment, but I’ll try to do my best with what I know off the top of my head.
I recently picked up an old Dell Optiplex desktop from 2013 and refurbished it (new paste, switched out an HDD for an ssd etc) with the intent to sell it for a profit. It has no GPU, just using integrated graphics but I figured it’d be a great machine for basic web browsing and such. I figured I’d do an OEM install of Mint, but the only problem is the gui will not properly display after booting without nomodeset in the grub config. I don’t feel like that’s an ideal form for it to be in when I sell it to someone.
I’ve tried a couple different things to fix it, I made sure all the proper drivers are installed, tried i915 flags, I’m ashamed to admit it but I was turning to chatgpt for quick support and it seems to think that ivy bridge chips just don’t play nice with up to date kernels. It suggested I downgrade to mint 21.2 so I can use a 5.15 kernel which would hypothetically work. I’m out of ideas so I might give it a try I’m not super knowledgeable, but I figured I’d turn to real people before going forward with that, I’d much prefer selling something running the current release.
The CPU is a Intel i5 3470. I can provide more precise specs and information that’s helpful later when I can check. But for now I’m open to ideas if you’ve got em.
I’m not sure about your CPU but I’ve had times when similar issues play out differently on different distros (I guess due to differences in kernel buikdconf, modules, or drivers) so while it’s a long-shot you could give that a go.
Try also the LTS and Zen kernel flavors.
I’d try Arch, Debian, Fedora (or perhaps some other rpm-based alternative that doesnt deprecate so quickly)
Like someone else said, anyone who hasn’t had your exact issue will need logs and details to give more helpful advice.