Have played every version of BF since it came out. Haven’t purchased or played BF2042 since they abandoned BF1 & BF5 still full of bugs.

EA doesn’t give a fuck about the quality of their games anymore. To be fair, none of the major studios do anymore. They are too big and try to race through development to make sure that this years sales numbers are bigger than last year’s.

The process to save seeds is the same whether it’s a hybrid or OP in most species.

The difference is on the variation in the next years crop. By year 4 or 5 of self pollinating they have an OP (inbred). I honestly think more average gardeners should attempt some amateur breeding. We need more locally developed and adapted genetics. Since the environment, pathogens and pests are constantly evolving, we need to encourage our food species to evolve with them.

Plant breeders rely on landraces/wild types for genetics to breed new varieties. A successful breeder replaces the landraces in the commercial markets. They are dependent on the thing they destroy.

You might not know it, but if you purchased a pumpkin this fall, the genetics were massively influenced recently by an amateur breeder in Michigan. An experienced commercial breeder used his genetics to create many of the varieties on the market today (I chose the best and named most of them).

https://youtu.be/CGRBJwC08FY

If your in the northern hemisphere December is not a good time to purchase seeds.

It’s usually carryover from the previous season of southern hemisphere production.

Wait until February. That’s when the northern hemisphere production is available.

If you are in the southern hemisphere, August is your month.

These are all illegal operations FYI. They break international, national, and state laws meant to prevent the spread of invasive species and pathogens.

Ummm… Boy… Deep breath

Zero GMO genes commercially available cause infertility. The only infertility GMO gene was developed by the USDA-ARS as a way to prevent the spread of GMO genes into the environment. Public outcry shot that one down, so now we have widespread GMO contamination in some species…

Some species hybrid production utilizes male sterility. For example hybrid onions utilized cytoplasmic male sterility. This is a naturally derived mutation that is passed on in the cytoplasm (mitochondria and chloroplasts). This DNA only comes from one parent an is an exact copy (put your punnet square away).

A different example of “sterile” hybrid is gynecious cucumbers. Cucumbers can be all female (gynecious) or monoecious (male and female flowers on same plant) . These are hybrids that are produced by by crossing two gynecious lines using silver thiosulfate to convert one parent to male bloom.

Both of these types will produce seed if crossed with fertile pollen from another plant.

Most hybrids can have seen saved from them except for triploids. Triploids like seedless watermelons are sterile because they can’t form gametes correctly. Diploid lines are crossed by tetraploid lines to created triploids. Triploids in nature is usually sterile (with exceptions of course like the the Amazon molly cause life finds a way).

An OP variety is a partially inbred population. In tomatoes for example. You can easily make these from a hybrid by saving seed for a few generations. The level of heterozygosity decreases by 50% every generation. So a F1 hybrid is 50%, F2 is 75% uniform, F3 is 87.5% uniform, F4 is 93.75%. This is where most OP varieties are. As tomatoes are mostly cleistogamous, no extra effort to exclude pollinators is needed

If I recall correctly they linked a bunch of powermacs together with FireWire.

The dark green means they are underripe. Many people harvest them early if a frost is coming. When harvested unripe they do not store well and end up rotting out faster (the external shell has not cured).

It’s better to pick an earlier maturing variety if your season is not long enough for them to mature in. These varieties generally have the precocious yellow gene which makes immature fruit a bright yellow.

Definitely run a soil test.

Soil that doesn’t drain well often builds up salts. These can make growing anything quite difficult.

From the grape picture I would guess it’s a micronutrient deficiency like Zn or Ca.

The species is Cucurbita pepo .

Since the species is quite large it could be anything from a summer squash, Halloween pumpkin, to a hard shelled gourd type.

Large corporations rarely innovate and try new things. Most innovation comes from smaller players with limited market share taking risks.

Large companies buy out smaller ones who create cash cows from taking large risks. The large company then milks the cash cows until they are completely dead.

The consolidation of studios to a few megacorporations has led to this inevitable end. The solution is simple: break them up. If we have 30 or so similar sized studios competing, we will get better movies/TV again.

I am of the opinion that most “supply” issues are due to investors. Except in certain geographic areas we do not have a shortage of actual physical housing. What we have is a shortage of available housing at a mixed pricepoints for purchase.

All housing that investors purchase for rentals removes it from the supply.

Traditionally investors have sought out entry level housing for rent. They invest in building rental complexes. They make all cash purchases and then rent it out to people who otherwise would have been first-time homebuyers. Investors used to be the low end offer. Blatant price fixing has increased rent outrageously. Now investors are the high end offer and removing supply constantly.

With AirB&B, the middle and even upper range market that traditionally has had less investor competition is now a major target. This has led to price wars for investment purposes on previously safe segments.

The first solution to the housing supply is simple: taxing income from rent so that selling the property is financially more lucrative. It will have to include a prohibition against rental increases to cover the taxes as well.

The second is to mandate zoning and new construction to match the market needs not the needs of the investors.

Last would be to create a program where builders who focus on entry level housing receive incentives from governments (also include hefty penalty for substandard construction).

Windows did a few vital things that Apple failed miserably on in the 90’s.

Mac dropped support for legacy software and hardware on every new OS in the 90’s. Microsoft maintained backwards capability. It was a major reason windows was more resource intensive and had more bugs. It was a smart move because windows OS was able to handle more software and hardware than Macs. This is the top reason why windows demolished Mac in sales.

Microsoft’s business model allowed greater range of pricepoints. Most users in business or at home do not need the capabilities of the lowest priced Mac model. You don’t need much to check e-mail, browse the web, and do some basic word processing. Apple did not service this largest section of the market at all.

Need a better picture to be sure.

Drastic rapid changes in temperature combined with wet soils can cause those types of lesions. The plant can not adapt fast enough and it causes the cells to burst. They usually form on older leaves as the cell walls are stiffer.

Fertilizers for specific crops is pure marketing. The important thing is the ratio of fertilizers on the bag versus what is in the soil.

The best way to save money, use fertilizers responsibly, and prevent environmental damage is to do soil test. Then apply fertilizer based upon the results.

In Potted plants it is a bit different. You need to provide all of the nutrients for the plant and then leach out salt buildup. Use of slow release fertilizer with a ratio of 3:1:2 (NPK) plus micros is needed.

Strangely for cucumbers that is about an average for a monoecious variety.

The flowers pattern in cucumbers has many genes that control them. It’s an interesting topic to research.

The amount of flowers is controlled by multipistillate genes. These control how many flowers form per node. In extreme cases this will be 10-15. Other genes will limit them to 1-2.

The type of flowers are controlled by sex expression genes. You can have all female flowers, mostly female flowers or mostly male flowers.

The plants with the most extreme level of flowers are the extreme multipistillate and mostly male varieties. These are used as pollinators in commercial field production. They produce so many male flowers that they will have a pile of flowers underneath of them at the end of the season.

The second most are all female flowers with the extreme multipistillate expression. These are harvested the day after flowering to make some tiny pickles in south eastern Europe.

Jobs was his own worst enemy for a while on the compatibility issue.

New OS launches- all your old programs don’t work on it.

Want to use a floppy to transfer files between a Dos/Win and a Mac? Nope, not compatible. When USB drives started coming out they dropped all support for floppy drives, even in machines with them installed.

Constant driver issues with all sorts of things. Many never got resolved. To be fair the market share for Mac’s was so tiny, offering support for them didn’t make business sense.

Want to play a game? Good luck. The majority of games didn’t work on Mac. Same reason as the drivers.

As for stability issues, for a while I ran a computer lab for a college 50:50 win/Mac machines. They both crashed about equally as often.

That’s an ad for Mormons. The Mormons are a corporation disguised as a church that has gained extreme wealth. They own a huge real estate empire, universities, and farms plus over a hundred billion in one investment fund.

Thy have been caught numerous times breaking all sorts of financial laws but because of their status as a church it’s hidden.

For the Mormons it’s all about profit and hoarding wealth.

Them “Just order on the Kiosk”

You mean the thing that takes 20x longer to order and tosses all sorts of bullshit ads at me?

Me “No.”

For lesser known subjects, a literature review in a dissertation works. It at least gives you a list of papers to review.

You’ll want to take off anything low on tree. That low on the tree it could be from the rootstock if is grafted.

Some small pruning during the growing season is fine. Just don’t remove more than 10% of the tree. Any heavier pruning needs to be done during winter dormancy.